CHAPTER 1. The superiority of As-Saum (the fasting).

3:118 Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Fasting is a shield (or a screen or a shelter). So, the person observing fasting should avoid sexual relation with his wife and should not behave foolishly and impudently, and if somebody fights with him or abuses him, he should tell him twice, ‘I am fasting.” The Prophet (ﷺ) added, “By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, the smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. (Allah says about the fasting person), ‘He has left his food, drink and desires for My sake. The fast is for Me. So I will reward (the fasting person) for it and the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times.”

CHAPTER 2. Ar-Raiyân (one of the gates of Paradise) is for the people observing Saum (fast).

3:120 Narrated Sahl: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Raiyan, and those who observe fasts will enter through it on the Day of Resurrection and none except them will enter through it. It will be said, ‘Where are those who used to observe fasts?’ They will get up, and none except them will enter through it. After their entry the gate will be closed and nobody will enter through it.”

3:121 ‘Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Whoever gives two kinds (of things or property) in charity for Allah’s Cause, will be called from the gates of Paradise and will be addressed, ‘O slaves of Allah! Here is prosperity.’ So, whoever was amongst the people who used to offer their prayers, will be called from the gate of the prayer; and whoever was amongst the people who used to participate in Jihad, will be called from the gate of Jihad; and whoever was amongst those who used to observe fasts, will be called from the gate of Ar-Raiyan; whoever was amongst those who used to give in charity, will be called from the gate of charity.” Abu Bakr said, “Let my parents be sacrificed for you, O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! No distress or need will befall him who will be called from those gates. Will there be any one who will be called from all these gates?” The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “Yes, and I hope you will be one of them.”

3:122 Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “When Ramadan begins, the gates of Paradise are opened.”

3:123 Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “When the month of Ramadan starts, the gates of the heaven are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained.”

CHAPTER 3. Should it be said “Ramadân” or “The month of Ramadan?” And whoever thinks that both are permissible.

3:124 Narrated Ibn `Umar: I heard Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) saying, “When you see the crescent (of the month of Ramadan), start fasting, and when you see the crescent (of the month of Shawwal), stop fasting; and if the sky is overcast (and you can’t see it) then regard the month of Ramadan as of 30 days.”

CHAPTER 4. Whoever does not give up lying speech (false statements – i.e. telling lies etc.) and acting on those lies and evil actions etc. in Ramadân.

3:127 Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Whoever does not give up forged speech and evil actions, Allah is not in need of his leaving his food and drink (i.e. Allah will not accept his fasting.)”

CHAPTER 5. Should one say, “I am observing .’aum (fast)” on being abused?

3:128 Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Allah said, ‘All the deeds of Adam’s sons (people) are for them, except fasting which is for Me, and I will give the reward for it.’ Fasting is a shield or protection from the fire and from committing sins. If one of you is fasting, he should avoid sexual relation with his wife and quarreling, and if somebody should fight or quarrel with him, he should say, ‘I am fasting.’ By Him in Whose Hands my soul is’ The unpleasant smell coming out from the mouth of a fasting person is better in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. There are two pleasures for the fasting person, one at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time when he will meet his Lord; then he will be pleased because of his fasting.”

CHAPTER 6. As-Saum (the fasting) (is recommended) for those who fear committing illegal sexual acts, i.e. those who are unmarried.

3:129 Narrated ‘Alqama: While I was walking with `Abdullah he said, “We were in the company of the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said, ‘He who can afford to marry should marry, because it will help him refrain from looking at other women, and save his private parts from committing illegal sexual relation; and he who cannot afford to marry is advised to fast, as fasting will diminish his sexual power.”

CHAPTER 7. The statement of the Prophet ‘Start observing Saum (fasts) on seeing the crescent-moon of Ramadân, and stop observing Saum (fasts) on seeing the crescent-moon (of Shawwâl).’

3:131 Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “The month (can be) 29 nights (i.e. days), and do not fast till you see the moon, and if the sky is overcast, then complete Sha’ban as thirty days.”

3:134 Narrated Um Salama: The Prophet (ﷺ) vowed to keep aloof from his wives for a period of one month, and after the completion of 29 days he went either in the morning or in the afternoon to his wives. Someone said to him “You vowed that you would not go to your wives for one month.” He replied, “The month is of 29 days.”

CHAPTER 8. The two months of ‘Eid do not decrease. [Narrated Abü ‘Abdullâh: Ishâq said that if Ramadân is of 29 days, even then it is complete (in its superiority); Muhammad said, ‘It will not happen that there will be any decrease in their number and superiority.’]

3:136 Narrated Abu Bakra: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “The two months of `Id i.e. Ramadan and Dhul-Hijja, do not decrease (in superiority).

CHAPTER 9. The statement of the Prophet : ‘We neither write nor know accounts.’

3:137 Narrated Ibn `Umar: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “We are an illiterate nation; we neither write, nor know accounts. The month is like this and this, i.e. sometimes of 29 days and sometimes of thirty days.”

CHAPTER 10. Not to observe Saum (fast) for a day or two ahead of Ramadân

3:138 Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “None of you should fast a day or two before the month of Ramadan unless he has the habit of fasting (Nawafil) (and if his fasting coincides with that day) then he can fast that day.”

CHAPTER 11. The Statement of Allah: “It is made lawful for you to have sexual relations with your wives on the night of the fasts. They are Libâs [i.e. body-cover or screen or Sakan (i.e. you enjoy the pleasure of living with her – as in Verse 7: 189, Tafslr-at-Tabart)] for you and you are the same for them. Allah knows that you used to deceive yourselves, so He turned to you (accepted your repentance) and forgave you. So now have sexual relations with them and seek that which Allah has ordained for you (offspring)” (V.2:187)

3:139 Narrated Al-Bara: It was the custom among the companions of Muhammad that if any of them was fasting and the food was presented (for breaking his fast), but he slept before eating, he would not eat that night and the following day till sunset. Qais bin Sirma-al-Ansari was fasting and came to his wife at the time of Iftar (breaking one’s fast) and asked her whether she had anything to eat. She replied, “No, but I would go and bring some for you.” He used to do hard work during the day, so he was overwhelmed by sleep and slept. When his wife came and saw him, she said, “Disappointment for you.” When it was midday on the following day, he fainted and the Prophet (ﷺ) was informed about the whole matter and the following verses were revealed: “You are permitted To go to your wives (for sexual relation) At the night of fasting.” So, they were overjoyed by it. And then Allah also revealed: “And eat and drink Until the white thread Of dawn appears to you Distinct from the black thread (of the night).” (2.187)

CHAPTER 12. The Statement of Allah :- “And eat and drink until the white thread (tight) of dawn appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night)…..” (V.2: 187)

3:140 Narrated `Adi bin Hatim: When the above verses were revealed: ‘Until the white thread appears to you, distinct from the black thread,’ I took two (hair) strings, one black and the other white, and kept them under my pillow and went on looking at them throughout the night but could not make anything out of it. So, the next morning I went to Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and told him the whole story. He explained to me, “That verse means the darkness of the night and the whiteness of the dawn.”

CHAPTER 13. What is the interval between the (end of) Sahâr and the Fajr prayer?

3:144 Narrated Anas: Zaid bin Thabit said, “We took the Suhur with the Prophet (ﷺ) . Then he stood for the prayer.” I asked, “What was the interval between the Suhur and the Adhan?” He replied, “The interval was sufficient to recite fifty verses of the Qur’an.”

CHAPTER 14. The Sahâr is a blessing but it is not compulsory.

3:146 Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Take Suhur as there is a blessing in it.”

CHAPTER 15. If the intention of observing Saum (fast) was made in the daytime.

3:147 Narrated Salama bin Al-Akwa`: Once the Prophet (ﷺ) ordered a person on ‘Ashura’ (the tenth of Muharram) to announce, “Whoever has eaten, should not eat any more, but fast, and who has not eaten should not eat, but complete his fast (till the end of the day).

CHAPTER 16. If a person observing Saum (fast) gets up in the morning in the state of Janâba [will his Saum (fast) be valid?]

3:148 Narrated `Aisha and Um Salama: At times Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to get up in the morning in the state of Janaba after having sexual relations with his wives. He would then take a bath and fast.

CHAPTER 17. To embrace while one is observing Saum (fast).

3:149 Narrated `Aisha: The Prophet (ﷺ) used to kiss and embrace (his wives) while he was fasting, and he had more power to control his desires than any of you. Said Jabir, “The person who gets discharge after casting a look (on his wife) should complete his fast.”

CHAPTER 18. If a person observing Saum (fast) ate or drank forgetfully [should he observe Saum (fast) another day in lieu of that day]?

3:154 Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “If somebody eats or drinks forgetfully then he should complete his fast, for what he has eaten or drunk, has been given to him by Allah.”

CHAPTER 19. If somebody had a sexual intercourse with his wife in Ramadân and has got nothing, then if he is given something in charity, he should give the expiation of that sinful act.

3:157 Narrated Abu Huraira: While we were sitting with the Prophet (ﷺ) a man came and said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! I have been ruined.” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) asked what was the matter with him. He replied “I had sexual intercourse with my wife while I was fasting.” Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) asked him, “Can you afford to manumit a slave?” He replied in the negative. Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) asked him, “Can you fast for two successive months?” He replied in the negative. The Prophet (ﷺ) asked him, “Can you afford to feed sixty poor persons?” He replied in the negative. The Prophet (ﷺ) kept silent and while we were in that state, a big basket full of dates was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) . He asked, “Where is the questioner?” He replied, “I (am here).” The Prophet (ﷺ) said (to him), “Take this (basket of dates) and give it in charity.” The man said, “Should I give it to a person poorer than I? By Allah; there is no family between its (i.e. Medina’s) two mountains who are poorer than I.” The Prophet (ﷺ) smiled till his premolar teeth became visible and then said, ‘Feed your family with it.”

CHAPTER 20. Cupping (letting out blood medically) and vomiting of a person observing aum (fast).

3:159 Narrated Ibn `Abbas: The Prophet (ﷺ) was cupped while he was in the state of lhram, and also while he was observing a fast.

CHAPTER 21. To observe Saum (fast) or not to observe Saum (fast) during journeys.

3:162 Narrated Ibn Abi `Aufa: We were in the company of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) on a journey. He said to a man, “Get down and mix Sawiq (powdered barley) with water for me.” The man said, “The sun (has not set yet), O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ).” The Prophet (ﷺ) again said to him, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me.” The man again said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! The sun!” The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him (for the third time) “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for me.” The man dismounted and mixed Sawiq with water for him. The Prophet (ﷺ) drank it and then beckoned with his hand (towards the East) and said, “When you see the night falling from this side, then a fasting person should break his fast.”

3:164 Narrated `Aisha: (the wife of the Prophet) Hamza bin `Amr Al-Aslami asked the Prophet, “Should I fast while traveling?” The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “You may fast if you wish, and you may not fast if you wish.”

CHAPTER 22. If a person observed Saum (fast) on some days of Ramadân and then went on a journey us it permissible for him to break his Saum (fast).

3:165 Narrated Ibn `Abbas: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) set out for Mecca in Ramadan and he fasted, and when he reached Al-Kadid, he broke his fast and the people (with him) broke their fast too. (Abu `Abdullah said, “Al-Kadid is a land covered with water between Usfan and Qudaid.”)

CHAPTER 23.

3:166 Narrated Abu Ad-Darda: We set out with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) on one of his journeys on a very hot day, and it was so hot that one had to put his hand over his head because of the severity of heat. None of us was fasting except the Prophet and Ibn Rawaha.

CHAPTER 24. The saying of the Prophet (to the person observing Saum (fast) who was being shaded on a very hot day) “It is not from AI-Birr (righteousness) to observe As-Saum (the fast) on a journey.”

3:167 Narrated Jabir bin `Abdullah: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) was on a journey and saw a crowd of people, and a man was being shaded (by them). He asked, “What is the matter?” They said, “He (the man) is fasting.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “It is not righteousness that you fast on a journey.”

CHAPTER 25. The companions of the Prophet did not criticize – each other for observing Saum (fast) or not observing Saum (fast) on journeys.

3:168 Narrated Anas bin Malik: We used to travel with the Prophet (ﷺ) and neither did the fasting persons criticize those who were not fasting, nor did those who were not fasting criticize the fasting ones.

CHAPTER 26. Whoever died and he ought to have observed Saum (fast).

3:173 Narrated `Aisha: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “Whoever died and he ought to have fasted (the missed days of Ramadan) then his guardians must fast on his behalf.”

3:174 Narrated Ibn `Abbas: A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! My mother died and she ought to have fasted one month (for her missed Ramadan). Shall I fast on her behalf?” The Prophet (ﷺ) replied in the affirmative and said, “Allah’s debts have more right to be paid.” In another narration a woman is reported to have said, “My sister died…” Narrated Ibn `Abbas: A woman said to the Prophet (ﷺ) “My mother died and she had vowed to fast but she didn’t fast.” In another narration Ibn `Abbas is reported to have said, “A woman said to the Prophet, “My mother died while she ought to have fasted for fifteen days.”

CHAPTER 27. When should the person observing Saum (fast) break his Saum (fast)?

3:177 Narrated `Abdullah bin Abi `Aufa: We were traveling with Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and he was fasting, and when the sun set, he said to (someone), “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He replied, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! (Will you wait) till it is evening?” The Prophet (ﷺ) again said, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” He replied, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! It is still daytime.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said again, “Get down and mix Sawiq with water for us.” So, he got down and carried out that order. The Prophet (ﷺ) then said, “When you see night falling from this side, the fasting person should break his fast,” and he beckoned with his finger towards the east.

CHAPTER 28. To hasten the Iftâr [breaking of the Saum (fast)].

3:178 Narrated Sahl bin Sa`d: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said, “The people will remain on the right path as long as they hasten the breaking of the fast.”

CHAPTER 29. If somebody Aftara [breaks the Saum (fast)], thinking – that the sun has set and then sees the sun still visible. [Should he make up for that Saum (fast)].

3:180 Narrated Abu Usama from Hisham bin ‘Urwa from Fatima: Asma bint Abi Bakr said, “We broke our fast during the lifetime of the Prophet (ﷺ) on a cloudy day and then the sun appeared.” Hisham was asked, “Were they ordered to fast in lieu of that day?” He replied, “It had to be made up for.” Ma`mar said, “I heard Hisham saying, “I don’t know whether they fasted in lieu of that day or not.”

CHAPTER 30. Saum (fasting) of boys (children etc.).

3:181 Narrated Ar-Rubi’ bint Mu’awadh: “The Prophet (ﷺ) sent a messenger to the village of the Ansar in the morning of the day of ‘Ashura’ (10th of Muharram) to announce: ‘Whoever has eaten something should not eat but complete the fast, and whoever is observing the fast should complete it.’ “She further said, “Since then we used to fast on that day regularly and also make our boys fast. We used to make toys of wool for the boys and if anyone of them cried for, he was given those toys till it was the time of the breaking of the fast.”

CHAPTER 31. A1-Wisâl is only allowed till the Saijar [Al-Wisal (i.e. to observe Saum (fast) continuously without eating or drinking anything by day or night, may be for a day or two or more)].

3:184 ‘Narrated Abu Sa`id: That he had heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, “Do not fast continuously (practice Al-Wisal), and if you intend to lengthen your fast, then carry it on only till the Suhur (before the following dawn).” The people said to him, “But you practice (Al-Wisal), O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)!” He replied, “I am not similar to you, for during my sleep I have One Who makes me eat and drink.”

CHAPTER 32. The punishment for the person who practises Al-Wisâl very often

3:186 Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Al-Wisal in fasting. So, one of the Muslims said to him, “But you practice Al- Wisal. O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)!” The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “Who amongst you is similar to me? I am given food and drink during my sleep by my Lord.” So, when the people refused to stop Al-Wisal (fasting continuously), the Prophet (ﷺ) fasted day and night continuously along with them for a day and then another day and then they saw the crescent moon (of the month of Shawwal). The Prophet (ﷺ) said to them (angrily), “If It (the crescent) had not appeared, I would have made you fast for a longer period.” That was as a punishment for them when they refused to stop (practicing Al-Wisal).

CHAPTER 33. If someone forces his Muslim brother to break his (Nawafil) fast by swearing.

3:189 Narrated Abu Juhaifa: The Prophet (ﷺ) made a bond of brotherhood between Salman and Abu Ad-Darda.’ Salman paid a visit to Abu Ad-Darda’ and found Um Ad-Darda’ dressed in shabby clothes and asked her why she was in that state. She replied, “Your brother Abu Ad-Darda’ is not interested in (the luxuries of) this world.” In the meantime Abu Ad-Darda’ came and prepared a meal for Salman. Salman requested Abu Ad- Darda’ to eat (with him), but Abu Ad-Darda’ said, “I am fasting.” Salman said, “I am not going to eat unless you eat.” So, Abu Ad-Darda’ ate (with Salman). When it was night and (a part of the night passed), Abu Ad-Darda’ got up (to offer the night prayer), but Salman told him to sleep and Abu Ad- Darda’ slept. After sometime Abu Ad-Darda’ again got up but Salman told him to sleep. When it was the last hours of the night, Salman told him to get up then, and both of them offered the prayer. Salman told Abu Ad-Darda’, “Your Lord has a right on you, your soul has a right on you, and your family has a right on you; so you should give the rights of all those who has a right on you.” Abu Ad- Darda’ came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and narrated the whole story. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Salman has spoken the truth.”

CHAPTER 34. Saum (fasting) in the month of Sha’bân.

3:190 Narrated `Aisha: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to fast till one would say that he would never stop fasting, and he would abandon fasting till one would say that he would never fast. I never saw Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) fasting for a whole month except the month of Ramadan, and did not see him fasting in any month more than in the month of Sha’ban.

3:191 Narrated `Aisha: The Prophet (ﷺ) never fasted in any month more than in the month of Sha’ban. He used to say, “Do those deeds which you can do easily, as Allah will not get tired (of giving rewards) till you get bored and tired (of performing religious deeds).” The most beloved prayer to the Prophet (ﷺ) was the one that was done regularly (throughout the life) even if it were little. And whenever the Prophet (ﷺ) offered a prayer he used to offer it regularly .

CHAPTER 35. What is said about the fasting and non-fasting (periods) of the Prophet

3:194 Narrated Humaid: I asked Anas about the fasting of the Prophet. He said “Whenever I liked to see the Prophet (ﷺ) fasting in any month, I could see that, and whenever I liked to see him not fasting, I could see that too, and if I liked to see him praying in any night, I could see that, and if I liked to see him sleeping, I could see that, too.” Anas further said, “I never touched silk or velvet softer than the hand of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) and never smelled musk or perfumed smoke more pleasant than the smell of Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ).”

CHAPTER 36. The right of the body in observing As-Saum (the fast).

3:196 Narrated `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As: Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said to me, “O `Abdullah! Have I not been informed that you fast during the day and offer prayers all the night.” `Abdullah replied, “Yes, O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)!” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Don’t do that; fast for few days and then give it up for few days, offer prayers and also sleep at night, as your body has a right on you, and your wife has a right on you, and your guest has a right on you. And it is sufficient for you to fast three days in a month, as the reward of a good deed is multiplied ten times, so it will be like fasting throughout the year.” I insisted (on fasting) and so I was given a hard instruction. I said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! I have power.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Fast like the fasting of the Prophet (ﷺ) David and do not fast more than that.” I said, “How was the fasting of the Prophet (ﷺ) of Allah, David?” He said, “Half of the year,” (i.e. he used to fast on every alternate day). Afterwards when `Abdullah became old, he used to say, “It would have been better for me if I had accepted the permission of the Prophet (which he gave me i.e. to fast only three days a month).

CHAPTER 37. The right of the family (wife) in observing As-Swim (the fast).

3:198 Narrated `Abdullah bin `Amr: The news of my daily fasting and praying every night throughout the night reached the Prophet. So he sent for me or I met him, and he said, “I have been informed that you fast everyday and pray every night (all the night). Fast (for some days) and give up fasting (for some days); pray and sleep, for your eyes have a right on you, and your body and your family (i.e. wife) have a right on you.” I replied, “I have more power than that (fasting).” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Then fast like the fasts of (the Prophet) David”. I said, “How?” He replied, “He used to fast on alternate days, and he used not to flee on meeting the enemy.” I said, “From where can I get that chance?” (`Ata’ said, “I do not know how the expression of fasting daily throughout the life occurred.”) So, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, twice, “Whoever fasts daily throughout his life is just as the one who does not fast at all.”

CHAPTER 38. Whoever visited some people and did not break his (optional) Saum (fast) with them.

3:203 Narrated Anas: The Prophet (ﷺ) paid a visit to Um-Sulaim and she placed before him dates and ghee. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Replace the ghee and dates in their respective containers for I am fasting.” Then he stood somewhere in her house and offered an optional prayer and then he invoked good on Um-Sulaim and her family. Then Um-Sulaim said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! I have a special request (today).” He said, “What is it?” She replied, “(Please invoke for) your servant Anas.” So Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) did not leave anything good in the world or the Hereafter which he did not invoke (Allah to bestow) on me and said, “O Allah! Give him (i.e. Anas) property and children and bless him.” Thus I am one of the richest among the Ansar and my daughter Umaina told me that when Al-Hajjaj came to Basra, more than 120 of my offspring had been buried.

CHAPTER 39. Observing As-Saum (the fasts) on the last days of the month.

3:204 Narrated Mutarrif from `Imran Ibn Husain: That the Prophet (ﷺ) asked him (Imran) or asked a man and `Imran was listening, “O Abu so-and-so! Have you fasted the last days of this month?” (The narrator thought that he said, “the month of Ramadan”). The man replied, “No, O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)!” The Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, “When you finish your fasting (of Ramadan) fast two days (in Shawwal).” Through another series of narrators `Imran said, “The Prophet (ﷺ) said, ‘(Have you fasted) the last days of Sha’ban?”

CHAPTER 40. Observing Saum (fast) on Friday.

3:205 Narrated Muhammad bin `Abbas: I asked Jabir “Did the Prophet (ﷺ) forbid fasting on Fridays?” He replied, “Yes.” (Other narrators added, “If he intends to fast only that day.”)

3:207 Narrated Abu Aiyub from Juwairiya bint Al-Harith: The Prophet (ﷺ) visited her (Juwairiya) on a Friday and she was fasting. He asked her, “Did you fast yesterday?” She said, “No.” He said, “Do you intend to fast tomorrow?” She said, “No.” He said, “Then break your fast.” Through another series of narrators, Abu Aiyub is reported to have said, “He ordered her and she broke her fast.”

CHAPTER 41. Can one select some special days [for observing Saum (fast)]?

3:208 Narrated Alqama: I asked `Aisha “Did Allah s Apostle, use to choose some special days (for fasting)?” She replied, “No, but he used to be regular (constant) (in his service of worshipping). Who amongst you can endure what Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) used to endure?”

CHAPTER 42. Observing Saum (fast) on TashrIq days (eleventh, twelth and thirteenth of Dhul-Hijja).

3:216 Narrated Yahya: Hisham said, “My father said that ‘Aishah (ra) used to observe Saum (fast) on the days of Mina.” His (i.e., Hisham’s) father also used to observe Saum on those days.

3:220 Narrated Aisha: Quraish used to fast on the day of ‘Ashura’ in the Pre-Islamic period, and Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) too, used to fast on that day. When he came to Medina, he fasted on that day and ordered others to fast, too. Later when the fasting of the month of Ramadan was prescribed, he gave up fasting on the day of ‘Ashura’ and it became optional for one to fast on it or not.

3:222 Narrated Ibn `Abbas: The Prophet (ﷺ) came to Medina and saw the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. He asked them about that. They replied, “This is a good day, the day on which Allah rescued Bani Israel from their enemy. So, Moses fasted this day.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “We have more claim over Moses than you.” So, the Prophet fasted on that day and ordered (the Muslims) to fast (on that day).